Human existence and welfare depend on functional ecosystems. Ecosystems are critical to sustain life-support services for human well-being. One method that visualizes that humanity requires ecosystem services for resource consumption and assimilation of produced waste is ecological footprints. This study focuses on the ecosystem service carbon sequestering. A quantification of this ecosystem service showed the potential for accumulation of carbon in different ecosystems in Stockholm and Norrbotten County for the years of 1995 and 2004.

Environmental objective 17: Sustainable consumption - An attempt to integrate the global impact of the Swedish consumption with the environmental objectives system The aim of this report was to integrate the global impact of the Swedish consumption withthe environmental objectives system through presenting a suggestion for a seventeenth environmental objective ? Sustainable consumption. How the Swedish consumption pressures the global environment and methods to measure the affects was investigated. The pressure was divided into five main fields: climate, air, water, land and chemicals. The impacton humans and the biodiversity was also discussed, as well as differences between how men and women affect the environment and get affected when the environment changes.

För att kunna gå en hållbar morgondag tillmötes är det viktigt att miljöpåverkan från oss människor uppdagas och sätts i balans. Växthuseffekten är en av de världsomfattande angelägenheter som visat sig påverka ekologin och som för med sig stundande klimatförändringar vars utbredning ännu inte går att förutspå. Förändringar i våra rutiner måste till, och en del i det hela är att öka medvetenheten för utsläppen som sker inom industrin. Kännedomen om storleken och härkomsten av utsläppen är viktig såväl till insikt för konsumenterna som till underlag för vart företagen ska fokusera sitt miljöarbete.Genom att tillämpa livscykelbaserade analysmetoder får företagen en utförlig bild över omfattningen av miljöpåverkan som sker associerat med en produkt. Ett sådant arbete kan även komma att mynna ut i en miljövarudeklaration som kan användas av företaget i syfte att kommunicera utåt mot konsumenter och affärspartners.

With the climate change issues growing in importance on the social agenda, the field of urban masterplanning is of no exception when it comes to minimizing the Carbon footprint in a variety of projects. The aim of this thesis has been to prepare the Carbon Critical Masterplanning tool, a software plugin for carbon dioxide emissions assessment developed by Atkins, to be used in Swedish conditions. The main targets were to improve the areas of the tool associated with energy conversion and renewable energy sources, and to test the tool in a real case. A planned construction of a new campus in Albano, Stockholm was chosen for the pilot study. A 3D model was built in the tool and the Carbon footprint was calculated for a variety of combinations for energy supply to the future area. The results show that use of locally installed renewable energy sources can reduce the total climate impact when life cycle perspective is applied.

With the climate change issues growing in importance on the social agenda, the field of urban masterplanning is of no exception when it comes to minimizing the Carbon footprint in a variety of projects. The aim of this thesis has been to prepare the Carbon Critical Masterplanning tool, a software plugin for carbon dioxide emissions assessment developed by Atkins, to be used in Swedish conditions. The main targets were to improve the areas of the tool associated with energy conversion and renewable energy sources, and to test the tool in a real case. A planned construction of a new campus in Albano, Stockholm was chosen for the pilot study. A 3D model was built in the tool and the Carbon footprint was calculated for a variety of combinations for energy supply to the future area.

With the climate change issues growing in importance on the social agenda, the field of urban masterplanning is of no exception when it comes to minimizing the Carbon footprint in a variety of projects. The aim of this thesis has been to prepare the Carbon Critical Masterplanning tool, a software plugin for carbon dioxide emissions assessment developed by Atkins, to be used in Swedish conditions. The main targets were to improve the areas of the tool associated with energy conversion and renewable energy sources, and to test the tool in a real case. A planned construction of a new campus in Albano, Stockholm was chosen for the pilot study. A 3D model was built in the tool and the Carbon footprint was calculated for a variety of combinations for energy supply to the future area.

With the climate change issues growing in importance on the social agenda, the field of urban masterplanning is of no exception when it comes to minimizing the Carbon footprint in a variety of projects. The aim of this thesis has been to prepare the Carbon Critical Masterplanning tool, a software plugin for carbon dioxide emissions assessment developed by Atkins, to be used in Swedish conditions. The main targets were to improve the areas of the tool associated with energy conversion and renewable energy sources, and to test the tool in a real case. A planned construction of a new campus in Albano, Stockholm was chosen for the pilot study. A 3D model was built in the tool and the Carbon footprint was calculated for a variety of combinations for energy supply to the future area.

Klimatförändringarochväxthuseffektenärämnensomdebatterassågottsomdagligenisamhället.Enviktigfrågaidebattenärlivsmedelskonsumtionensbetydelseförklimatförändringarna.Idettaarbetestuderaskonsumenterssynpåtreolikasvenskaklimatmärkningar;SvensktSigill,KRAVochCarbonFootprint.Förattmöjliggöraförkonsumenternaattgöraaktivavalavlivsmedelsomärbättreurklimatsynpunkt,harKRAVochSvensktSigilltillsammansiettgemensamtprojektarbetatmedatttaframenklimatmärkning.Allaproducenterochföretaganvänderintedennamärkning,utanhariställetvaltattanvändasigavensåkalladproduktmärkning,CarbonFootprint,somredovisarenenskildproduktsklimatpåverkan.Syftetmedsamtligamärkningarärattunderlättakonsumentensvalavmerklimatvänligalivsmedel.Idettaarbeteharkonsumenternassynpåklimatmärktalivsmedelstuderatsgenomenkätundersökningar.Urvalsmetodenförenkätundersökningensomanvändesärettsåkallatpåstanna?urvaldärenkäternadelasut,idettafallienlivsmedelsbutik,tilldepersonersområkarpassera.Enkätenbestodavfrågorsomrördebådekonsumentenssynpådensåkalladeklimatfråganochvilkaåtgärderkonsumenternaansågbordegörasförattminskamatenspåverkanpåklimatet.Huvuddelenavenkätenbehandladefrågorsomsyftadetillatttaredapåkonsumentenssyn,inställningochkunskapomklimatmärkningarna.184konsumentersvaradepåenkätenochdengenerellabildenärattklimatfråganärenmycketviktigfråga.Konsumenternasinställningtillenklimatmärkningvisadesigvaramycketpositivdärhela85procentinstämmeriattdetvorebramedenklimatmärkningavmat.Denallmännauppfattningenblandkonsumenternaärattklimatförändringarnaärencentralfrågaoch77procentanserattkonsumenternabörändrasinamatvanorförattbromsaklimatförändringarna.85procentanserattdetvorebramedenklimatmärkningsåattdetblirenklareattväljalivsmedelsomärbättreurklimatsynpunkt.Mångaavförslagentillförändringarsomkonsumenternakangöraförattminskasinklimatpåverkanärkonsumenternavälförtrognamed,mendetärintealltiddeföljerdem.Inställningentilldeolikaklimatmärkningarnaärrelativtgodochigenkänningenär69procentförSvensktSigillochhela93procentförKRAV.MärkningenCarbonFootprintäridagsynnerligenokändiSverige.Sammanfattningsviskankonstaterasattdetföreliggerettstortintresseförklimatfråganblandkonsumenterna.Entydligochenkelklimatmärkningavlivsmedelsomgördetmöjligtförkonsumenternaattväljalivsmedelsomärbättreurklimatsynpunktefterfrågansochskulleuppskattas.Kunskapenomdebefintligaklimatmärkningarnaärmycketbegränsadochdetkrävstroligtvismycketarbeteföratthöjakunskapsnivånkringklimatmärkningar..

Carbon offsetting means to offset those greenhouse gases that are caused by our actions. The purpose of this paper is to examine how companies are working with carbon offsetting. The focus of the research is how travel agencies and companies that provides carbon offsetting. The writers also highlight the problems carbon offsetting is facing. The study was performed with qualitative methods through interviews with three companies working with carbon offsetting.

ICA vill utveckla sitt miljöarbete i vattenfrågor. Denna rapport syftar till att öka medvetenheten hos ICA om verksamhetens miljöpåverkan genom att analysera vattenfotavtrycket ? vanligen kallat Water Footprint ? för ett livsmedel. Vattenfotavtryck är ett verktyg inom miljösystemanalys som används för att kartlägga sambandet mellan produktion och konsumtion av produkter och vattenanvändning. Studien visade att vattenfotavtrycken är ungefär 14 500 liter/kg och 16 500 liter/kg för svensk respektive irländsk nötfärs.

South Africa has been among the top ten wine producing countries for at least 20 years. Even though the land under grapevines is decreasing globally it is still increasing in Africa. The awareness of environment has strengthen the last years and South African producers experience a high demand of environmentally friendly produced wine, especially from the European market. This demand was the driving force behind the development of the world unique sustainability certification, Integrated Production of Wine (IPW), which is inscribed in the South African legislation. What makes this certification unique is that consumers can trace their product all the way back to the farming practices owing to the identity number specified on the IPW Integrity & Sustainability seal on certified products.

Picker robots are often mounted close to each other above a conveyor belt. To be able topack robots even closer, it is desirable to reduce the footprint of the robot?s base. One way toachieve this is to skew the arms of the robot which makes it possible to move them closer toeach other.This Master Thesis has been carried out at ABB Corporate Research. The purpose is toevaluate the benefits and drawbacks for the idea of making today?s Picker robot morecompact by skewing the arms.

Glulam is a product that was engineered to make use of timber in a more efficient way. Bychoosing timber of similar quality and discarding natural defects during production, thedevelopment of a stronger cross-section is achieved.Carbon fiber is a relatively new material with a high tension capacity. This feature is used toexamine how the bending capacity of the beams improve by adhering carbon fiber laminateson the lower edge of the beamsThe strength of the material is tested with three experiments: carbon fiber on the bottom of thebeam (a), carbon fiber attached to the lower sides of the beam (b) and carbon fiber in thebeam, covered with a layer of wood (c)The results show that the first case, where the carbon fiber is attached to the bottom of thebeam, gave the best result with an increase in capacity of 59 % compared to the nonreinforcedcontrol. The other two cases also show an improvement in capacity, beam-type 3had a capacity increase of 47% and beam-type 4 increased with 25 %Tests were also made with glulam beams reinforced with fiberglass, but these tests were notanalyzed in depth because the purpose was to compare the capacity to carbon fiber. Thisbeam improved its capacity by 40.3%.The tests show that carbon fiber as a reinforcement material for glulam is a good choice whenthere is a requirement for stronger cross-sections in both new production and renovation ofold buildings.

Freshwater ecosystems have long been neglected as an important part of the global carbon cycle. However, research shows that most of the world?s lakes are net-heterotrophic and consequently emitters of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. In many boreal and north-temperate lakes, most of the yearly emissions usually occur in spring, shortly after ice-thaw. The aim of this study was to quantify the flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in three boreal lakes, during this annual event.

Sapa Heat Transfer is a company that produces aluminum heat-exchanger strips for the automotive industry. Sapa Heat Transfer wish to chart their emissions of carbon dioxide in order to meet future demands on carbon dioxide reporting. They also would like to examine the meaning of the term ?green electricity? which is marketed as carbon dioxide free, and the sort of electricity that they purchase. This report includes both direct (liquefied petroleum gas and diesel) and indirect (water, process-water, long distance heating, waste) emissions from their company.